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BUMN didirikan oleh negara dengan tujuan tertentu. Pada pasal 2 UU BUMN
(UU No. 9 Th. 2003) disebutkan bahwa BUMN didirikan dengan tujuan
sebagai berikut:
State-owned companies are built for certain purposes. Article 2 of the State-owned Companies Law (Law No. 9 of 2003) says that state-owned companies are established for the following purposes.
1. To give contribution to the development of national economy in general and to the states revenues in particular.
Memberikan sumbangan bagi perkembangan perekonomian nasional pada umumnya dan penerimaan negara pada khususnya.
2. To obtain profit.
Mengejar keuntungan.
3. To give public benefits by providing goods and/or services which have a high quality and are sufficient to meet people's needs.
Menyelenggarakan kemanfaatan umum berupa penyediaan barang dan/atau jasa yang bermutu tinggi dan memadai bagi pemenuhan hajat hidup orang banyak.
4. To pioneer businesses which still cannot be run by private parties and cooperatives.
Menjadi perintis kegiatan-kegiatan usaha yang belum dapat dilaksanakan oleh sektor swasta dan koperasi.
5. To actively participate in guiding and helping small private businesses cooperatives, and common people.
Turut aktif memberikan bimbingan dan bantuan kepada pengusaha golongan ekonomi lemah, koperasi, dan masyarakat.
Forms of Stateisowned Companies - Bentuk BUMN
Nowadays, there are only two forms of state-owned companies, namely (state-owned) limited companies and public companies.
Pada saat ini bentuk BUMN terdiri dari dua, yakni Perseroan (Persero, PT) dan Perusahaan Umum (Perum).
A. (State-owned) Limited Companies / Perseroan
The capital of state-owned limited companies consists of shares. Most of the capital and shares of state-owned limited companies, or at least 51 % of them, are owned by the state. The parties that invest in such companies have investment proofs in the form of shares which are counted in lots (consisting of 500 shares each).
Bentuk BUMN perseroan merupakan BUMN dengan modalnya terbagi atas saham-saham. Modal dan saham BUMN yang berbentuk Persero dan PT mayoritas atau minimal 51% dimiliki negara. Pihak yang menanamkan modal di Persero atau PT memiliki bukti lembaran-lembaran saham dalam satuan lot (500 lembar).
In closed limited companies, the shares or capital are usually owned by close members of a family or close friends, so they are similar to partnership companies. The difference is that in closed limited companies, the capital ownership is proven by the ownership of shares, but not in copartnerships or firms. Some state-owned companies which are included in closed limited companies are Pertamina and PLN Persero.
Pada bentuk perseroan terbatas tertutup, biasanya saham atau permodalannya dimiliki orang-orang dekat dalam satu keluarga atau masih ada hubungan pertemanan yang akrab, sehingga hampir sama dengan badan usaha persekutuan semacam CV.
Perbedaannya, kepentilikan modalnya dibuktikan dengan kepemilikan saham, sedanglthn pada CV atau firma tidaklah demikian. BUMN yang termasuk perseroan tertutup antara lain: Pertamina dan PLN Persero. The classification of closed and open companies also applies to private limited companies. Bentuk perseroan terbuka dan tertutup ini juga berlaku untuk BUMS yang berupa Perseroan Terbatas (PT).
B. Public Companies Perusahaan Umum (Perum)
A public company is a state-owned company the entire capital of which is owned by the state and not divided into shares. The purpose of building this company is Co give benefits to the public by providing quality goods and services as well as make profit on the basis of management principles.
While a state-owned limited company may be partly owned by private parties, a public company may invest in a private company provided that it is approved of by the minister responsible for the corresponding or related department. This complies with the State-owned Companies Law of 2003.
Perum adalah BUMN yang seluruh modalnya dimiliki oleh negara dan tidak terbagi atas saham-saham. Keberadaannya memiliki tujuan untuk kemanfaatan umum berupa penyediaan barang dan jasa yang bermutu tinggi sekaligus mengejar keuntungan berdasarkan prinsip pengelolaan.
Bila persero modalnya boleh dari swasta atau kepemilikannya sebagian ada di swasta, Perum boleh menyertakan modal atau memiliki saham swasta dengan persetujuan menteri yang menangani departemen atau bidang terkait. Hal ini sesuai dengan UU BU-MN Tahun 2003.
The state-owned companies the status of which is still public companies until 2009 are Peruri (Indonesian Money Printing Company) and the Pawning Office.
BUMN yang masih berbentuk Perum hingga tahun 2009 yaitu perum Peruri (Percetakan Uang Republik Indonesia) dan perum Pegadaian.
C. The Role of Statetwowned Cornpanies in National Economy - Peran BUMN dalam Perekonomian Nasional
We can imagine if all economic sectors are managed by private parties, competition will be more obvious, and there may even be unhealthy competition which harms people in general, especially in sectors which deal with the life needs of the people and the existence of which is highly vital, such as electric energy, water, rice, and so on. The supply of goods and services which dealth with the needs of the people in general is certainly necessary to be controlled by the state.
Dapat kita bayangkan apabila semua sektor ekonomi dikelola oleh swasta. Persaingan tentu akan lebih terlihat, bahkan dalam bentuk yang tidak sehat. Akhirnya hal itu dapat merugikan masyarakat umum, terutama dalam sektor-sektor yang menyangkut hajat hidup orang banyak dan sangat vital keberadaannya, seperti energi listrik, air, beras, dan lain-lain. Itulah sebabnya penyediaan barang dan jasa yang menyangkut hajat hidup umum tentu sangat penting untuk dikuasai negara.
The existence of state-owned companies is inseparable from the provisionsof employment opportunities, as a source of state income from the profit which the state is entitled to receive, and as a means of generating new businesses, especially medium-scale and small-scale ones.
The existence of electricity, for instance, can be a means of developing industry and other economic activities. If electricity and fuel are controlled by private parties, we can expect that economic activities will be impeded because not all members of the society can afford them. From the description above, we can conclude that state-owned companies play a very important role in national economy.
Keberadaan BUMN tak lepas dari penyediaan kesempatan kerja, sebagai salah satu sumber penerimaan negara melalui keuntungan yang menjadi bagian negara dan pendorong timbulnya usaha-usaha lain, terutama usaha kecil dan menengah.
Keberadaan listrik misalnya, dapat menjadi sarana industri dan kegiatan ekonomi yang lain. Bahan bakar juga demikian adanya. Bila listrik dan bahan bakar dikuasai swasta dan mahal harganya, kita bisa memprediksi kalau kegiatan ekonomi menjadi terhambat, karena tidak semua masyarakat mampu memperolehnya. Dari uraian di atas, kita bisa menyimpulkan pentingnya peran BUMN di dalam jalannya perekonomian nasional.
Sumber Pustaka: CV. Yrama Widya
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